How to merge JSON documents in MySQL

- 2 minutes read - 356 words

You can merge two JSON documents in MySQL with:

  • the JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE function to concatenate the document values
  • the JSON_MERGE_PATCH function to keep the latest value for each key

NOTE: more info is available in the MySQL JSON functions documentation page

 

👉 Need a FREE MySQL database?👈
🦀 Check Aiven’s FREE plans! 🦀

⚡️ Need to optimize your SQL query with AI? ⚡️
🐧 Check EverSQL! 🐧

The dataset

The dataset is the following:

{
    "id": 778,
    "shop": "Luigis Pizza",
    "name": "Edward Olson",
    "phoneNumbers":
        ["(935)503-3765x4154","(935)12345"],
    "address": "Unit 9398 Box 2056 DPO AP 24022",
    "image": null,
    "pizzas": [
        {
            "pizzaName": "Salami",
            "additionalToppings": ["🥓", "🌶️"]
        },
        {
            "pizzaName": "Margherita",
            "additionalToppings": ["🍌", "🌶️", "🍍"]
        }
    ]
}
Check out the description of the fields The following examples use a pizza order dataset with an order having:
  • id: 778
  • shop: “Luigis Pizza”
  • name: “Edward Olson”
  • phoneNumbers:["(935)503-3765x4154","(935)12345"]
  • address: “Unit 9398 Box 2056 DPO AP 24022”
  • image: null
  • and two pizzas contained in the pizzas item:
[
    {
        "pizzaName": "Salami",
        "additionalToppings": ["🥓", "🌶️"]
    },
    {
        "pizzaName": "Margherita",
        "additionalToppings": ["🍌", "🌶️", "🍍"]
    }
]
If you want to reproduce the examples, check how to recreate the dataset

It can be recreated with the following script:

create table test(id serial primary key, json_data json);

insert into test(json_data) values (
'{
    "id": 778,
    "shop": "Luigis Pizza",
    "name": "Edward Olson",
    "phoneNumbers":
        ["(935)503-3765x4154","(935)12345"],
    "address": "Unit 9398 Box 2056 DPO AP 24022",
    "image": null,
    "pizzas": [
        {
            "pizzaName": "Salami",
            "additionalToppings": ["🥓", "🌶️"]
        },
        {
            "pizzaName": "Margherita",
            "additionalToppings": ["🍌", "🌶️", "🍍"]
        }
    ]
}');

Merge two JSON documents with JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE function

To merge two (or more) JSON documents, by concatenating all the key values you can use the JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE function.

select 
    JSON_MERGE_PRESERVE(
        '{"mykey1":"myvalue11","mykey2":"myvalue21"}',
        '{"mykey1":"myvalue12","mykey2":"myvalue22"}'
        ) json_data;

Result

+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| json_data                                                                    |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"mykey1": ["myvalue11", "myvalue12"], "mykey2": ["myvalue21", "myvalue22"]} |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Merge two JSON documents with JSON_MERGE_PATCH function

To merge two (or more) JSON documents, by keeping only the latest value for each key you can use the JSON_MERGE_PATCH function.

select 
    JSON_MERGE_PATCH(
        '{"mykey1":"myvalue11","mykey2":"myvalue21"}',
        '{"mykey1":"myvalue12","mykey2":"myvalue22"}'
        ) json_data;

Result

+------------------------------------------------+
| json_data                                      |
+------------------------------------------------+
| {"mykey1": "myvalue12", "mykey2": "myvalue22"} |
+------------------------------------------------+

Review all the JSON MySQL use-cases listed in the main page